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Urinary Incontinence Surgery Won't Raise a Woman's Cancer Risk

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Know Your Risks

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women (other than skin cancer). The American Cancer Society reports the breast cancer death rate is declining, probably because of earlier detection and improved treatment. This short assessment will help you determine if you have major risk factors for breast cancer.

A Woman's Journey See AllAdolescence See AllChildbearing Years See AllPregnancy See AllMenopause & Living Well See All

Anatomy of the Breasts in Growth and Development, Menstrual Health and Conditions

A closer look at the structure of the breast....more

Anatomy of Female Pelvic Area in Growth and Development, Menstrual Health and Conditions

The female pelvic area contains a number of organs and structures: the endometrium, uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and vulva. ...more

Vulvitis in Teens in Gynecological Conditions

Vulvitis is an inflammation of the vulva. The vulva is the outer part of the female reproductive system. ...more

Vaginitis in Teens in Gynecological Conditions

Vaginitis is any inflammation or infection of the vagina. It is a common problem in girls and women of all ages. ...more

Acne in Children in Adolescent Health Problems

Acne is a disorder of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Hair follicles are the areas around the base or root of each hair. Sebaceous glands are the tiny glands that release oil (sebum) into the hair follicles. The sebum moistens the skin and hair. The sebum and hair get to the skin surface through tiny holes called pores. ...more

Major Depression in Teens in Adolescent Health Problems

Major depression goes beyond the day's normal ups and downs. It involves a teen's body, mood, and thoughts. It can affect and disrupt eating, sleeping, or thinking patterns....more

Female Teen Athletes: At Risk for Injury? in Adolescent Sports Injuries

Teen girls who are athletes face unique obstacles when it comes to their bodies and how well they perform. ...more

Knees Are Casualties of Women's Sports in Adolescent Sports Injuries

Active women are at least twice as likely to suffer serious knee injuries as men, but it's not just athletes who are at risk. ...more

Menstrual Cycle: An Overview in Growth and Development, Menstrual Health and Conditions

A woman is generally most fertile (able to become pregnant) a few days before, during, and after ovulation. ...more

Recognizing Gynecologic Problems in Menstrual Health and Conditions

Vaginal bleeding and discharge are a normal part of your menstrual cycle. If you notice anything different or unusual, talk with your health care provider. ...more

Uterine Fibroids in Pelvic Conditions and Care

Uterine fibroids are tumors in a woman's uterus. They are usually not cancer....more

Vulvitis in Pelvic Conditions and Care

Vulvitis is inflammation of the soft folds of skin outside the vagina....more

Vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty is a procedure used to treat fractures or breaks in the vertebrae. In this procedure, a thick cement mixture is injected into a fractured vertebra to stabilize the spine....more

Infertility Risk Factors for Women and Men

Age, chronic diseases, and endometriosis are common factors for women. For men, they are STDs, toxic substances at work, and cigarette smoking. ...more

Nutrition Before Pregnancy in Preparing for Pregnancy

You need about 300 extra calories a day after the first trimester to maintain a healthy pregnancy. These calories should come from a balanced diet of protein, fruits, vegetables, and whole-grains....more

Folic Acid for a Healthy Baby in Preparing for Pregnancy

Getting enough folic acid can reduce the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) and may also reduce the risk for other serious birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. ...more

Signs of Pregnancy/The Pregnancy Test in Now That You're Pregnant

The signs of pregnancy vary from woman to woman, but the most obvious sign usually is a missed period. ...more

Calculating a Due Date in Now That You're Pregnant

First, determine the first day of your last menstrual period. Next, count back 3 calendar months and add 1 year and 7 days to that date. ...more

Anatomy: Fetus in Utero in Your Growing Baby

Definitions of terms related to the anatomy of a fetus in utero....more

Second Trimester in Your Growing Baby

During this trimester, the weight of your growing baby will multiply more than 7 times — and you will start showing more. ...more

Headaches in Early Pregnancy in Your Changing Body

Managing headaches is especially tricky in the first trimester when you should avoid many medicines. ...more

Hormones During Pregnancy in Your Changing Body

Many hormone levels are affected in the body during pregnancy, with several hormones playing major roles. ...more

Amniocentesis in Pregnancy Tests and Procedures

Amniocentesis is a procedure used to take out a small sample of the amniotic fluid for testing. ...more

Cesarean Section in Pregnancy Tests and Procedures

Cesarean section or C-section is the surgical delivery of a baby through a cut (incision) made in the mother's abdomen and uterus....more

Perimenopause in Menopause & Living Well

Perimenopause is the time around menopause when your body begins to change. You become less fertile and hormone levels fluctuate. ...more

Estrogen's Effects on the Female Body in Menopause & Living Well

In addition to regulating the menstrual cycle, estrogen affects the reproductive tract, the urinary tract, the heart and blood vessels, bones, breasts, skin, hair, mucous membranes, pelvic muscles, and the brain. ...more

In Good Health See AllWell Being See AllDiet and Exercise See AllPreventive Care See AllYou and Your Health Care Provider See All

Managing Work-Related Stress in Stress and Depression

An overview of workplace stress, with helpful tips and exercises to help you relax and relieve some pressure....more

Managing Stress in Stress and Depression

Emotional stress can have a serious effect on the body. But a healthy, well-balanced diet and regular exercise can help. Read on for more tips....more

Finding the Best Daycare for Your Child in Moms and Family Life

Finding good daycare for your child doesn't have to be difficult, if you follow this advice. ...more

Help Your Babysitter Prepare for Anything in Moms and Family Life

When you're looking for a babysitter, give yourself enough time to be selective....more

How to Juggle Demands at Work and Home in Moms and Family Life, Women and the Workplace

Juggling the demands of work and home can be quite stressful. For your health and well-being, it is important to find a good balance between work and home responsibilities ...more

6 Ways to Master Your Job Search in Women and the Workplace

Being out of work is always a frustrating situation. There are some specific strategies to help you rise above other job candidates. ...more

Overview of Sleep Problems in Sleep Health

There are many types of sleep disorders. They can interfere with health and quality of life. Sleep problems can range from insomnia to snoring. ...more

Insomnia in Sleep Health

Insomnia is trouble falling to sleep or staying asleep. One in 3 adults has bouts of insomnia....more

Binge Eating Disorder in Eating Disorders

Binge eating disorder is when someone often eats large amounts of food in a short time. It is also called compulsive overeating. Learn more about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments....more

Anorexia Nervosa in Eating Disorders

Anorexia nervosa (or simply anorexia) is an eating disorder that causes people to obsess about their weight and food. People who suffer with this behavior problem have a distorted body image. They see themselves as overweight even when their weight is dangerously low. ...more

Close the Door on Intimate Partner Violence in Personal Safety

Read on to learn about the signs of an abusive relationship, and how to make a safety plan and get ready to leave....more

Domestic Violence in Personal Safety

Abuse often begins with verbal behaviors such as name-calling, threats, and hitting or throwing objects. It can become worse, including pushing, slapping, and holding against the victim's will. ...more

Anatomy of Female Pelvic Area

The female pelvic area contains a number of organs and structures: the endometrium, uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and vulva. ...more

Recognizing Gynecologic Problems

Vaginal bleeding and discharge are a normal part of your menstrual cycle. If you notice anything different or unusual, talk with your health care provider. ...more

Folic Acid for a Healthy Baby in Eating Well

Getting enough folic acid can reduce the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) and may also reduce the risk for other serious birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. ...more

Why You Should Try Yoga in Being Active

Yoga is a series of stretches and poses that you do with breathing techniques. It offers the powerful benefits of exercise. And since yoga is gentle, almost anyone can do it, regardless of your age or fitness level. ...more

Five Fresh Forms of Indoor Fitness in Being Active

Cold weather doesn't have to put a chill on your fitness routine, even if the treadmill or stair-stepper seems boring compared with jogging or riding your bike outside. ...more

A Simple Way to Keep the Flu Away in Preventive Care

You can avoid the flu this season by taking one simple step: Get a flu shot....more

Special Vaccine Requirements in Preventive Care

Review your vaccine history with your healthcare provider. Also be sure that infants and children are on schedule with their vaccine series. ...more

Maintaining Your Personal Health Record in You and Your Health Care Provider

A PHR can help reduce or eliminate duplicate tests and allow you to receive faster, safer treatment and care in an emergency. It also can help you play a more active role in your health care. ...more

How to Take Part in Every Medical Decision in You and Your Health Care Provider

Well-informed people who play a significant role in deciding how they're going to treat their health conditions are likely to feel better about the decision process. ...more

Women's Health Issues See AllBreast Health See AllGynecological Health See AllHeart Disease and Stroke See AllObesity See AllOsteoporosis See AllPlastic Surgery See AllConditions of Concern to Women See AllSports Injuries See All

Anatomy of the Breasts in Understanding Breast Health

A closer look at the structure of the breast....more

Normal Breast Development and Changes in Understanding Breast Health

Breast development happens in certain stages during a woman's life: first before birth, and again at puberty and later during the childbearing years. Changes also happen to the breasts during menstruation and when a woman reaches menopause. ...more

Breast Biopsy in Breast Tests & Procedures

A breast biopsy is a small piece of breast tissue that is removed and checked in a lab. This is done to see if cancer or other abnormal cells are present....more

Breast Scan in Breast Tests & Procedures

A breast scan is an imaging test to look at your breasts. It is used when a mammogram has not given your health care provider enough information....more

Common Benign Lumps in Common Breast Conditions

The two most common types of benign breast lumps are cysts and fibroadenomas. A cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in the breast tissue. Fibroadenomas are solid, smooth, firm, benign lumps that are most commonly found in women in their late teens and early 20s. ...more

Nipple Problems and Discharge in Common Breast Conditions

Nipple conditions are a common noncancer (benign) breast condition affecting many women. Some problems are related to lactation, and others are not. ...more

Breast Cancer: Risk Factors in Understanding Breast Health, About Breast Cancer

A look at specific things that may increase your chance of having breast cancer....more

Breast Cancer: Introduction in About Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women in the U.S. Once breast cancer occurs, cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body, making it life-threatening. The good news is that breast cancer is often found early, before it has spread. ...more

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome in Breast Cancer Genetics , Gynecological Cancer

People with this syndrome have dark moles around the mouth, nose, and eyes, as well as multiple polyps in the intestines. ...more

Breast Cancer: Treatment Choices in Breast Cancer Treatment

The good news is that breast cancer can be treated successfully. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or any combination of these. Here's a closer look at each. ...more

Breast Cancer: Surgery in Breast Cancer Treatment

Surgery to remove as much of the cancer as possible is the main treatment for breast cancer. Today, women have many surgical options and choices. ...more

Uterine Fibroids in Gynecological Conditions

Uterine fibroids are tumors in a woman's uterus. They are usually not cancer....more

Hysterectomy in Gynecological Conditions, Gynecology Tests & Procedures

Hysterectomy is surgery to remove the uterus. Your healthcare provider may also remove one or both ovaries, and the fallopian tubes. In some cases, he or she may remove other parts of the reproductive system. ...more

Cervical Cancer: Introduction in Gynecological Cancer

Cervical cancer develops from abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix that spread deeper or spread to other tissues or organs. ...more

Endometrial Cancer: Diagnosis in Gynecological Cancer

Cancer of the endometrium is a disease in which cancerous cells are found in the lining of the uterus. It is highly curable when found early....more

Cervical Biopsy in Gynecology Tests & Procedures

A cervical biopsy is a procedure to remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal or precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer. ...more

Colposcopy in Gynecology Tests & Procedures

Your healthcare provider uses colposcopy to view the opening to the uterus, called the cervix, and the vagina. Your provider uses an instrument with a magnifying lens and a light, called a colposcope. ...more

Anatomy and Function of the Coronary Arteries in Heart Disease

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. There are two main coronary arteries: the right and the left. ...more

Coronary Heart Disease in Heart Disease

A person with coronary heart disease has an accumulation of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries. These deposits narrow the arteries and can decrease or block the flow of blood to the heart. ...more

Tests to Diagnose a Stroke in Stroke

Tests that may be used to help diagnose a stroke include a CT scan or MRI, and an electroencephalogram. ...more

Rehabilitation for Stroke in Stroke

Stroke rehabilitation works best when the patient, family, and rehabilitation staff works together as a team. Family members must learn about impairments and disabilities caused by the stroke and how to help the patient achieve optimal function again. ...more

Electrocardiogram in Cardiovascular Tests & Procedures

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the simplest and fastest tests used to evaluate the heart. Electrodes (small, plastic patches that stick to the skin) are placed at certain locations on the chest, arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an ECG machine by lead wires, the electrical activity of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out. ...more

Exercise Electrocardiogram in Cardiovascular Tests & Procedures

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the simplest and fastest tests used to evaluate the heart. For this test, electrodes (small, plastic patches that stick to the skin) are placed at certain spots on the chest, arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an ECG machine by wires, the electrical activity of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out....more

Overview of Obesity in Understanding Obesity

Obesity is a serious, chronic disease that can inflict substantial harm to a person’s health. Learn about obesity causes and obesity health effects. ...more

Finding Out Your Body Mass Index (BMI) in Understanding Obesity

Your BMI gives a fairly accurate assessment of how much of your body is composed of fat. ...more

Metabolic Syndrome in Obesity & Other Health Problems

Metabolic syndrome is a condition that includes the presence of a cluster of risk factors specific for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome greatly raises the risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or all three. ...more

Type 2 Diabetes in Obesity & Other Health Problems

When your body can't make enough insulin or can't use insulin, it is called type 2 diabetes. Insulin helps the cells in the body absorb glucose, or sugar, for energy. Without insulin, glucose builds up in the blood resulting in high blood sugar. ...more

Medical Treatment for Obesity in Treating Obesity

Medical treatment can help with weight loss if your own efforts are unsuccessful—or if you have a medical condition that makes it crucial to lose weight. ...more

Maintaining Weight Loss in Treating Obesity

Keeping extra weight off needs effort and commitment, just as losing weight does....more

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Weight-Loss Surgery in Deciding on Surgery

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a type of weight-loss surgery. Weight-loss surgery is also called bariatric surgery. It's often done as a laparoscopic surgery, with small incisions in the abdomen....more

Osteoporosis in Understanding Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes weak, thinning bones. This leaves the bones at greater risk of breaking. The bones most often affected are the hips, spine, and wrists. ...more

Bone Density Test in Understanding Osteoporosis

A bone density test measures the strength and density of your bones as you approach menopause and, when the test is repeated sometime later, can help determine how quickly you are losing bone mass and density. ...more

Bone Scan in Orthopedic Tests and Procedures

A bone scan is a radiology procedure used to look at the skeleton. It is done to find areas of physical and chemical changes in bone. A bone scan may also be used to see if treatment of certain conditions is working....more

Bone Density Test in Orthopedic Tests and Procedures

A bone density test is used to measure the bone mineral content and density. It may be done using X-rays, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA), or a special CT scan that uses computer software to determine bone density of the hip or spine....more

Breast Augmentation Surgery in Breast Tests & Procedures, Plastic Surgery

Breast augmentation surgery increases the size or the fullness of the breasts using sacs filled with fluid or gel. These sacs are called breast implants. ...more

Breast Cancer: Breast Reconstruction After Breast Surgery in Breast Cancer Treatment, Plastic Surgery

Breast reconstruction surgery involves creating a breast mound that comes as close as possible to the form and appearance of the natural breast. ...more

Yeast Infection in Conditions of Concern to Women

Yeast is a fungus normally found inside your body and on your skin. When too much yeast grows, it can cause an infection. Antifungal creams or medicines taken by mouth are used to treat it. ...more

Hypothyroidism in Conditions of Concern to Women

Hypothyroidism is the most common type of thyroid disorder. It means your thyroid gland is not active enough. This tiny gland is found in your neck. Its job is to make thyroid hormone. If the gland is underactive, it may not make enough thyroid hormone. ...more

Headache in Conditions of Concern to Women, Headache

Nearly everyone has suffered from a headache. This article discusses several types of headache, how they are diagnosed and treated. ...more

How a Migraine Happens in Conditions of Concern to Women, Headache

A look at what we know about how migraine pain starts....more

Cystocele in Conditions of Concern to Women, Urinary Problems

When the wall between the bladder and the vagina weakens, the bladder may drop or sag into the vagina. This disorder in women is called cystocele. ...more

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Conditions of Concern to Women, Urinary Problems

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections in any part of the urinary tract. They are a common health problem that affects millions of people each year. Women are especially prone to UTIs. ...more

Exercise in Sports Injuries

Exercise doesn't have to be vigorous to offer health benefits. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily, or on most days of the week....more

Runner’s Knee in Sports Injuries

Runner's knee means that you have dull pain around the front of the knee (patella). This is where the knee connects with the lower end of the thighbone (femur)....more

Interactive Tools See All

Adult BMI Calculator

Experts are increasingly urging people to know their BMI, a figure that takes into account not just weight but also height to indicate body fat....more

Calorie Burn Rate Calculator

The more active you are, the more calories you burn. Running or jogging, for instance, burns more calories than bowling....more

Due Date Calculator

It is important to know your estimated due date in order to help plan for the baby's birth....more

PMS Quiz

Answer this one: How many symptoms have been tied to PMS? If you guessed more than 100, you're right....more

Coronary Artery Disease Assessment

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It is the leading cause of death in the United States in both men and women. Determine your risk for developing CAD using this assessment tool....more

Depression Risk Assessment

This questionnaire can help you find out how likely you are to have depression....more

Multimedia See All

Abdominal Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a common procedure that some women may need to help stop pain, bleeding, or other problems. It can be done in several ways, one of which is abdominally. In this video, you'll find out medical conditions that may require a hysterectomy and what to expect if you need this procedure....more

Exercise During Pregnancy

Exercise during pregnancy helps keep your body strong and your baby healthy. But there are some exercises that you shouldn’t do. Learn about the changes your body goes through during pregnancy. Find out what you can do to stay fit and healthy....more